No smoking. 1-4 of 4 replies Sorted by. Know your ice. For nearly a century a myth has circulated that West Okoboji is one of only three blue water lakes in the world, the others being Lake Geneva in Switzerland and. Season. East Okoboji Lake Water temperature. Yes, the Iowa Great Lakes, Brushy Creek Lake, and Hawthorn Lake are go-to-spots for largemouth bass in 2017. This is a great time of year to chase bass on the Okoboji chain. The walleye season will be opening in the Iowa Great Lakes, but the lakes offer great fishing for a variety of other species. Catch largemouth bass, bluegill and channel catfish. Re: 2023 Okoboji Area reports. Super 8 by Wyndham Spirit Lake/Okoboji. Sign up today for free weekly fishing information from Iowa’s fisheries experts. It was on West Okoboji Lake, which is a pretty blue, spring-fed lake. West Lake Okoboji Overview Based on Fishing Reports for Fall Largemouth Bass. West Lake Okoboji is a spring-fed lake that is 134 feet at its maximum depth, making it the deepest lake in Iowa. Of course these should only be. West Okoboji, IA Fishing Report – Aug 14, 2004. Fry from Wisconsin were raised at the Decorah trout hatchery, and 40 fish each were stocked into Clear Lake and West Lake Okoboji. Fishing at West Okoboji Lake has been good in recent years, especially when it comes to panfish. The start of 2020-2021 Okoboji ice fishing season and the anticipation of hitting the ice is on everyone's list…. Black Hawk Lake. Currently 32° OVERCAST WITH HAZE. Panfish are moving into backwater lakes preparing for winter. The cities of Arnolds Park, Okoboji, West Okoboji, and Wahpeton sit on its shore. It hypnotizes anglers and hooks them. For the Argus Leader. No Eurasian watermilfoil or brittle naiad was found in the main lake of West Okoboji or the other lakes in the Iowa Great Lakes chain. Advanced Search; Interior Rivers. While West Okoboji Lake was long. Northfield MN. It is part of the chain of lakes known as the Iowa Great Lakes. "The next state record smallmouth bass will come from Big Spirit Lake or West Lake Okoboji. The panfish bite on these 2 lakes was exceptional due in part to good water clarity on both lakes most of the spring. Note that there are two rules these responsive cabin hosts enforce: No pets. If you need a fishing licence you can purchase one directly from East Okoboji Lake Fishing License 24/7. Paved trail and parking, disc golf and restrooms. The heart of the lake stretches from Terrace Park Beach in the south to North Bay more than five miles away. $94. Find unique places to stay with local hosts in 191 countries. Find all the information on Okoboji and Spirit Lake in current fishing report. WEST LAKE OKOBOJI, Iowa. The open season on West Okoboji Lake, East Okoboji Lake and Spirit Lake is from May 6, 2023 through Feb. The name itself Okoboji comes from the Dakota language for the lake. Iowa, United States. "The next state record smallmouth bass will come from Big Spirit Lake or West Lake Okoboji. Is there a better place to host the Okoboji Blue Water Festival than at Preservation Plaza on the shores of West Lake Okoboji? I think not!. Read more. ” The good news is this. SEARCH. Southwest Minnesota. Continued good growth throughout the summer 2019 will result. Phone: 712-330-9678. Andrew Goll, 30, was found by a family member near a dock in the 16000 block of North. Geo resource failed to load. However, wastewater overflowed through two manhole lids along the northeast side of Lazy Lagoon, running about 15 feet. Spirit Lake - This bite should start to heat up real soon. Today. The luxury residential properties in the region range in price from $500,000 to $5 million. That became apparent this past spring with the results of the Okoboji Open held in early May, where 21 teams weighed in five-fish. 57 km 2) in area, in Dickinson County in northwestern Iowa in the United States. Skip to content. There's probably no fishing lake I'd rather be on than West Lake Okoboji in October. Spirit Lake is the largest natural lake in the state and offers excellent fishing for walleye, northern pike, yellow perch, and smallmouth bass. OKOBOJI ICE-OUT? posted by norseman on March 13, 2009 at 12:14 pm. There has been consistent recruitment in recent years creating good year. // October 20, 2023. Again, fish weedlines. Largemouth Bass. Despite being the slightest body of water in the region, Minnewashta lake offers the same fishing, boating, and swimming opportunities on a smaller scale. 08 mi) Penthouse Suite, gorgeous West Lake Okoboji views, 1 BDRM above shopping center (0. Inspect your boat, trailer, and equipment and remove any visible plants, animals, or mud before leaving a waterbody. Caution - numerous seams are present on area lakes. Give Your Review. The district quickly stopped the discharge. Just looking for any info for the area,fishing,resturants,guides ect…. Staff Report. ryan-hale on 1/7/2006 at 3:51 am. Amazing Lakefront 4 bedroom luxury Condo with large deck at Bridges Bay Resort. Make Offer. S. The Iowa Guide service offers guided fishing on Okoboji and Spirit Lake. The Iowa Department to Natural Resources announced in a release on May 23 that it is investigating a drowning Saturday afternoon on West Okoboji Lake, after Alexander Glover, 21, of Cedar Rapids, jumped off a pontoon and into the water in Miller's Bay. 00: Lost Island Lake: Palo Alto: 3 miles north of Ruthven : 1162. " Located on the water at Okoboji Boat Works, the Fish House is a favorite stop for snowmobilers and when conditions permit, features. Okoboji forums . Trout Stream Map + Mississippi River. The largest. They are the largest natural lakes in the state of Iowa. We didn’t seek out any special fishing holes, and instead, just. Sign in with TwitterPlan a fishing or boating trip or vacation to West Okoboji Lake area and find places to stay near West Okoboji Lake. Sign in with TwitterWEST LAKE OKOBOJI, Iowa – On Thursday August 6, 2020, DNR Conservation Officers located a damaged boat consistent with damage to the hit and run incident, which seriously injured Vaughn Wickham of Spirit Lake, Iowa on August 4, 2020. S. FORUMS. Rent from people in West Okoboji, IA from $20/night. Lake Tahoe (California/Nevada), Lake Geneva (in Wisconsin, USA), and West Lake Okoboji (Iowa), though even these are open to interpretation. For nearly a century a myth has circulated that West Okoboji is one of only three blue water lakes in the world, the others being Lake Geneva in Switzerland and Lake Louise in Canada. West Okoboji Iowa Bass Fishing Report. West Graham Few reports. Iowa's Fishing Report. The NAIFC tournament series, is the only tournament series. Published: 08/27/05. Text or Call 641-five29- Two359 —-. With. East and West Lake Okoboji don’t normally show up on catfishing reports, but when they do, they make a big splash. Fishing at West Okoboji Lake has been good in recent years, especially when it comes to panfish. We take a number of different data. Village West Resort - West Lake Okoboji: Great resort for the entire family. West Okoboji Lake Water temperatures are in the mid to upper 40s. Walleye - Fair. . You will be able to find weekly reports and tips for the Open Water or Ice Fishing season. Also, keep in mind, West Lake Okoboji is the coldest lake. What a day it will be for all who attend because the entire day is FREE! According to co-organizer Greg Drees, “This promises to be a great day!Minnesota’s statewide fishing and hunting report on Nov. Here's your fishing report for today the 15th of October for West Okoboji Lake. ” Here is what Grosvenor and his clients experience each time. West Okoboji Lake. Lake Odessa WMA; Forest Stewardship Plans; Iowa Shooting Ranges; Population & Harvest Trends; Report Your Harvest + Deer Hunting. The lot will remain open for parking trailers. Iowa has several state parks around the Great Lakes region offering diverse. Families love the beach, playground and antique nautical display. The Festival was originally created by the Okoboji Protective Association (OPA) in 2016 to raise public awareness of water quality in the Iowa Great Lakes. Read our community guidelines. 2 miles from. We take a number of different data points to make our fishing recommendation. West Lake Okoboji Cabins. 28-Oct-23. Contact Us: 712-330-5815. Ji. For a limited time, you can get full access to breaking news, all original Outdoor News stories and updates from the entire Great Lakes Region and beyond, the most up-to-date fishing & hunting reports, lake maps, photo & video galleries, the latest gear, wild game cooking tips and recipes, fishing & hunting tips from pros and experts,. Crescent Beach Resort is your home away from home on Lake Okoboji. com. West Okoboji Lake Fishing Report Card. Advertisement. Bluegill - Good: Can be caught while using small shad raps. We cater to both families on vacation and the serious angler. Fishing Info for Okoboji Lake. 00: Big Timber Complex: Louisa: Two miles south of Muscatine, IA off of X-61/Stewart Rd. DEALS. East Okoboji Lake Water temperature is. by shaley ; West Okoboji Fishing Report? posted by up man on February 27, 2009 at 12:55 am. With fish species a plenty, West Okoboji Lake is a year-round attraction for fishing enthusiasts. FAVORITE SUBSCRIBED. Anglers have been successful fishing for bluegill and crappie in 10-15 feet of water. 00: Big Timber Complex: Louisa: Two miles south of Muscatine, IA off of X-61/Stewart Rd. Go deep for West Lake Okoboji ‘eyes If you have the time to chase fall walleyes in November, make sure to head to West Lake Okoboji near Okoboji, Iowa. In deeper water, use pilkies with wigglers or a slip bobber setup. 00: Silver Lake (Dickinson) Dickinson: west edge of Lake Park : 1065. Use a small hook and piece of worm. 00: Silver Lake (Dickinson) Dickinson: west edge of Lake Park : 1065. The lake is approximately 3,847 acres in size and has a maximum depth of 134 feet. Phone: 332-2215 Make-A-Wake Watersports at Village. 00. Facebook/exploreokoboji. We take a number of different data. I have fished many open and hard water tourneys. The water temperature is 45 degrees. West Okoboji Lake: Dickinson: northwest edge of Arnolds Park : 3847. We were out yesterday from 1pm until dark and boated well over 40 walleye. This Week’s Iowa DNR Northwest Iowa Fishing Report. It is part of the chain of lakes known as the Iowa Great Lakes. LOGIN. West Okoboji Lake Water temperature is in the low 60s. com Explore the Charming East Okoboji Lake. Our recommendation is based on aspects about the weather conditions, moon phase & water conditions. Fishing Report. Gold Ambassador. Water levels on area rivers and streams remain low. 00: Silver Lake (Dickinson) Dickinson: west edge of Lake. CPR/1st aid certified. While much of the lake is surrounded by private boat docks, there are plenty of opportunities for fishing from the bank at campgrounds and public access areas. Iowa authorities on Friday identified a Sioux Falls man as the owner of the boat involved in a fatal hit-and-run accident earlier this month on West Lake Okoboji. Spirit Lake has a nice walleye bite in 12-14 feet on rock points for fish of all size. Depending on your preference, you can stay within walking distance of a lot of attractions or find a place a little outside of the hubbub. ft. fish west lake report is surrounded by anglers catching and there is early summer. Average ice depth is 10 inches. We take a number of different data points to make our fishing recommendation. The state record smallmouth bass came from West Okoboji Lake. Love to fish and hunt. In 1960, the first purebred musky were stocked into Iowa waters. About: - East Okoboji is a 1,835 acre natural lake on the east edge of the town of Okoboji in Dickinson County. The weather can be the most beautiful of the year, boat traffic is minimal, the water is still relatively warm and the fish are putting on the feedbag for the winter. posted by MattJohnson on February 20, 2009 at 4:22 pm. 4 replies to this topic. tom April 27,. When John Grosvenor, longtime Iowa Great Lakes fishing guide (thinks about taking his clients fishing on West Lake Okoboji, his eyes light up. Iowa DNR Fishing Report. Get notified by e-mail when a reply is posted. Marty recommended this gear for West Lake Okoboji, IA. SEARCH. Located in Wahpeton, Iowa, this Lake Okoboji resort offers 250 feet of lake shorelines. West Okoboji A few Perch. Fall. “We are developing a management plan and working with local stakeholders and communities to develop a plan of action for the coming weeks,” said Mike Hawkins, fisheries biologist for the Iowa DNR. The nearby East Okoboji Lake and West Okoboji Lake are also renowned for their fishing. West Okoboji Lake Fishing Report near Arnolds Park, Iowa. Bluegill - Good: Look for open spots in the weed lines for the best action; a camera is needed to find fish as site fishing is limited. Ways recommended this gear for West Lake Okoboji, IA. Skip to content. Reply to: East vs West Lake Okoboji. Iowa Department of Natural ResourcesUnlike the walleye season, the protected slot limit applies to Spirit Lake, East and West Okoboji Lake, Upper and Lower Gar Lake and Minnewashta Lake. Fishing jetty, accessible fishing pier, beach, paddle boat rentals, playground, children’s forest, picnic areas, restrooms and camping. 6 miles to connect to the West Okoboji Trail. Northwest Iowa — Here is this week’s Northwest Iowa Fishing Report from the Iowa Department of Natural Resources, as released Thursday afternoon, October 19, 2023. A lighted. If Big Spirit's open, Okiboji can't be far behind. Most days you can actually watch the fish eat your bait. Master Angler Yellow Bass, Okoboji. East and West Lake Okoboji don’t normally show up on catfishing reports, but when they do, they make a big splash. “With its incredible water clarity, extensive weedbeds/lines that can be found in all of the bays and a strong bluegill population, fishing bluegills on this lake is an awesome experience. I’m a guide and I never take a clients to Minn. Articles & Links; Trips and Rates. ) in Okoboji, IA. According to information obtained from the Iowa Department of Natural Resources, West Lake Okoboji is comprised of 3,847 surface acres of water with an. Sunday, Oct 29 2023. Her finale of “Brighter than the Sun” triggered a magnificent fireworks display over the waters of West Lake Okoboji, signaling the conclusion of a truly remarkable 2021 Okoboji Blue Water Festival. West Okoboji Lake Water temperatures are in the low 30s. Over 20 Years experience as a professional Iowa fishing guide. Table of Contents showDeSoto Lake, aka DeSoto Bend Lake, is a 790-acre lake in west-central Iowa 4 miles west of Missouri Valley. 22 pounds! That’s exactly what happened when the North American Ice Fishing Circuit (NAIFC) came to West Okoboji’s Little Emerson/Emerson Bay on Sunday, January 16. For a limited time, you can get full access to breaking news, all original Outdoor News stories and updates from the entire Great Lakes Region and beyond, the most up-to-date fishing & hunting reports, lake. Fish were on deep weed lines mixed with rock. west edge of Lake Park : 1065. Share. N/A. Fishing Report and Newsletter (Our fishing report goes out weekly, our flyers and specials go out monthly) Hunting and Shooting (Monthly flyer with specials). East Okoboji Lake Water. West Okoboji Lake Fishing Report Card. 7312N 124°57. 1. Sign in with Facebook. With temperatures in the mid-60s and the sun shining brightly, both largemouth and smallmouth bass can be found in water as shallow as 3 feet, or on deep weed edges. 06604200 West Okoboji Lake at Lakeside Laboratory near Milford, IA. Land prices on West Lake were at a high in the mid 2000's prior to the economic collapse, and they have slowly crepped up to a range of $10000-$17000 a linear foot. West Okoboji gills can be some of the toughest fish to catch in the mid-west. Mid-summer weedline actionMike Hawkins, Iowa DNR Biologist at the Spirit Lake Hatchery, agrees saying, “Both Big Spirit Lake and West Okoboji have excellent pike populations. West Okoboji Lake nautical chart. Easy access to public walking path and beach for fun in the sun and Okoboji sunsets. The interactive Fishing Atlas map shows contours for 218 county and state lakes, along with 2,000 fish structure locations. On both lakes, muskies seem to be in packs. ICE SHACK RENTALS on the iowa great lakes. Honda,Ryan Hale here. Submitted on Nov 16, 2021. Plan a fishing or boating trip or vacation to West Okoboji Lake area and find places to stay near West Okoboji Lake. The meaning of Okoboji is thought to be either ‘place of rest’ or ‘reeds or rushes,’ which is preferred. Not like the perch on Spirit lake. Entry fee includes $5/team for Area Food Shelf $ Lets Go Fishing Organization BIG BASS POT = $10 *100% payback ** Ease-Off Positions Determined by receipt of PAID entry form **East Okoboji Lake: Dickinson: east edge of Okoboji : 1835. The calendar fills up fast so I recommend booking sooner than later. You should be able to find more information on the net about the. Trolling crankbaits is also effective both out in the basin and on the top edges of drop-offs in 10-12 feet. Lake temperature is in the low 70s. Yellow Perch – Fair: Minnows are working well; some. with small northern. USGS Water-Year Summary 2023. Walleye/sauger are feeding as they move into deeper water at the. Here is the September 21, 2022 northwest Iowa Fishing Report from the Iowa DNR: East Okoboji Lake. // May 23, 2023. SLEEPERS & FISHING REPORT. Autumn is historically known to be the best season to fish in Okoboji, for a host of reasons. Trolling crankbaits is also effective both out in the basin and on the top edges of drop-offs in 10-12 feet. Winte r sports includes include ice fishing,. Last May Calvin Grosvenor, teenaged son of professional fishing guide John Grosvenor at West Okoboji, landed and released a number of 20- to 25-pound. Mention ice fishing the Iowa Great Lakes, specifically West Okoboji and Big Spirit Lake, to anglers and their eyes light up as they envision chasing their favorite game fish. No Eurasian watermilfoil or brittle naiad was found in the main lake of West Okoboji or the other lakes in the Iowa Great Lakes chain. Steve Weisman. There has been consistent recruitment in recent years creating good year classes of 8-9 inch bluegill that have been providing excellent fishing throughout the warm and cold-water seasons. Mississippi River Pool 12 Lake Okoboji Fishing, Okoboji, Iowa. Those fishing in 10-12 feet of water are having the best luck. Anna/Flickr. com. Early spring there is a wide variety of species to target. Most anglers are using ATV's or foot traffic to access the lake. Share this page: Today's Fishing. Here's your fishing report for today the 12th of October for West Okoboji Lake. For more information contact the Spirit Lake fish. The following specific areas are open to fishing activity between the hours of 10:30 p. Many people from shore and boat are pulling in quality fish in the 3-7lb range while looking for that one fall brawl walleye to cash a check. It is full of walleyes, and the fall is when anglers can have […]This weekly fishing report is compiled from information gathered from local bait shops, angler creel surveys and county and state parks staff. Fishing at West Okoboji Lake has been good in recent years, especially when it comes to panfish. Iowa DNR Fishing Report – August 14th August 14, 2014. Check out the Iowa Walleye Challenge being held May 1 – June 30 for prizes given to anglers catching the most walleye. The Iowa Department of Natural Resources is asking for help to prevent the spread of Eurasian watermilfoil and brittle naiad around West Okoboji Lake. HOME. Your Okoboji Family Fishing Guide. Or sign in with one of these services. Lake level is 11 inches above crest. Noted for clear water and an abundance of popular sportfish, they cover nearly 14,000 acres. starting at 219th Avenue in Spirit Lake and traveling west for 1. October 8 thru 19, 2015 water temps Spirit Lake mid 50s Okoboji upper 50s. Casting the deeper weeds with blades or cranks is recommended in West Lake. By Dan Anderson. I have fished many open and hard water tourneys. The unique lake area includes East and West Okoboji, Big Spirit Lake and others water bodies that draw vacationers, boaters and anglers. Learn more about this fishing tournament at West Lake Okoboji on May 1, 2022 from Omnia Fishing. O. IDO » Fishing Reports » Okoboji Bass Open 2007 Report 04-29-07. By ryan-hale August 14, 2004 0. By Steve Weisman. Use jigs and minnows or wigglers in the main lake. FORUMS. I have fished many open and hard water tourneys. Check out the latest 2-minute fishing report to find the hot bite in your area! For more detailed information call the store at (605) 336-9132. Belong anywhere with Airbnb. 00. East Okoboji Lake: Dickinson: east edge of Okoboji : 1835. Northern pike. We will make every effort to meet your needs as a group based on your group size. 00: Big Timber Complex: Louisa: Two miles south of Muscatine, IA off of X-61/Stewart Rd. East Okoboji Lake The lake is almost entirely iced over with around 4. Fry from Wisconsin were raised at the Decorah trout hatchery, and 40 fish each were stocked into Clear Lake and West Lake Okoboji. We will fish West Okoboji, East Okoboji, Upper Gar, Lower Gar, Minnewashta, Big Spirit Lake, Silver Lake or any of the prairie pothole lakes in the region the day of your ice trip and target the best bite going on the ice. Table of Contents show. All fishing must be done from the bank in the areas designated for each lake. Tim Hilbert comes eye to eye with a pumpkinseed while scuba diving in Iowa’s West Lake Okoboji. Our recommendation is based on aspects about the weather conditions, moon phase & water conditions. m. Water Body West Okoboji, IA. May 15- June 9, 2017. The weekly fishing report is compiled from information gathered from local bait shops, angler creel surveys, and county and state parks staff. 2. Black Crappie - Fair: Use minnows and plastics. Level. Report inappropriate content . Preview. JANUARY - Bluegills: West Lake Okoboji - "The bite for huge bluegills and yellow bass (at West Okoboji) was nonstop all summer," said professional fishing guide John Grosvenor, who offers frequent fishing reports on his "Lake Okoboji Fishing" Facebook page. The north end and Buffalo run are heaved up making access dangerous. Deer Management Hunts. All muskellunge less than forty inches must be immediately released in all waters of Iowa. Technique pitching / flipping. 8, 2023. Bring ALL of your family and friends to stay at the Central Stay Cation in Arnolds Park! Rodeway Inn Milford. In the deep water of Brown’s Bay and from Omaha Point to Pike’s Point there are reefs to 60 feet deep. A topographic map or electronic depth finder is helpful at this time. This area is a major multi-use recreational area in central Iowa. Species Bass. Dave Genz catches a nice mid-winter West Okoboji bluegill. Our recommendation is based on aspects about the weather conditions, moon phase & water conditions. Fishing guides, Okoboji fishing charter, fishing charter, Ranger Boats, Walleye Boats, Mercury Outboards, Humminbird, MinnKota, Learn to fish, kids fishing, shore lunch, Walleye on crankbaits, jigging Walleye, Walleye Crawler harness, back trolling, Okoboji night fishing, John Campbell, fishing articles, Walleye expert, Walleye Champion, PWT. The program has continued with annual stockings of about 5,000 fish, 6- to 10-inches long, into Clear Lake, West Lake Okoboji and Big Spirit Lake. The recreation area is a 120-acre playground of native plants and wildlife, with plenty of fun activities. Iowa authorities on Friday identified a Sioux Falls man as the owner of the boat involved in a fatal hit-and-run accident earlier this month on West Lake Okoboji. FISH REPORTS. Public Boat Launch Ramps & Landings. 1252. He has since expanded the blog to include gear reviews, fishing reports, and even recipes for cooking up your catch. Home; Fly Fishing; Ice Fishing; Lake Fishing; River Fishing; About Us; Contact Us; Can you swim in Spirit Lake Washington? January 1, 2023 September 13, 2022 by Brent Pollock. It is a popular fishing destination, and state records for the biggest smallmouth bass, northern pike, and tiger muskie have been pulled from the lake. some are more boater friendly than others. Not all sites have reports available for every water year. Find a fishing guide in the Iowa Great Lakes Area for family, corporate or group guided fishing trips. He's done this for 21. Bass and crappie bite are improving. By Dan Anderson. Panfishing on Lake Okoboji Iowa (Map) Iowa’s Great Lakes is a chain of natural, glacial lakes located in the state’s northwest quadrant. 0 Comments . SPIRIT LAKE, Iowa | A man who drowned in West Lake Okoboji Saturday has been identified as a Des Moines man. One of the sought-after fish species in Storm Lake is the walleye. Learn what hours to go fishing at Okoboji Lake. According to reports, the pontoon began to drift away and while attempting to swim to the boat, Glover became fatigued and. A Fisherman's. This weekly fishing report is compiled from information gathered from local bait shops, angler creel surveys and county and state parks staff. 1401 LAKE SHORE DR Okoboji, Iowa | Map It Lakes & Land Visit Our Website 712. 00: Rice Lake: Winnebago: 1 mile south, 1 mile east of Lake Mills: 1000. This entry was posted in Fishing Report and tagged clam fishing, clam outdoors, Clear Lake, clear water, east okoboji, Fish, fishing guide, Gills, ice fishing, iowa guide service, Kevan Paul, Okoboji fishing, pauls fishing, perch, sleeper, Sleeper House Rental, tournament, walleye, West Okoboji, Yellow bass on February 6, 2016 by Kevan Paul. Super 8 by Wyndham Jackson MN. LAKE S FINDER. The program has continued with annual stockings of about 5,000 fish, 6- to 10-inches long, into Clear Lake, West Lake Okoboji and Big Spirit Lake. I'm going to be giving weekly Fishing Reports right here on this forum for Spirit Lake / West Lake Okoboji. West Okoboji Lake (sometimes known as West Lake Okoboji) is a natural body of water, approximately 3,847 acres (15.